9thGradeWorldHistoryNotes

Quarter Two Unit One p. 59 Early Judaism - Religion of the Hebrews Hebrew Bible has 24 more books Other laws and customs are in another Jewish text - The Talmud
 * Monotheistic
 * Belief in an all powerful, all knowing god who is present everywhere
 * Torah: Most sacred text
 * 1) Genesis
 * 2) Exodus
 * 3) Leviticus
 * 4) Numbers
 * 5) Deuteronomy

Abraham: Central figure in Judaism, Islam and Christianity Moses: Legendary figure central to Judaism Chapter 10: Islam page 302 Islam: followers called Muslims Arabia was home to many Arab tribes in the 500s Bedouins - Nomadic herders Mohammad: b. AD 570 Mecca - successful merchant Mecca housed the Kabaa - a famous spiritual center for Arabs At age 25 he married Khadija - a wealthy widow
 * Born near Ur in Mesopotamia
 * By 2000 BC move to Canaan
 * God makes a covenant with Abraham
 * Known as the father of the Hebrews
 * Promised the land of Canaan to the Hebrews
 * Deliver the Jews from slavery in Egypt
 * 1000 BC: Kingdom of Israel
 * 12 tribes
 * United under King David
 * David's son Solomon takes over and builds the first Temple in Jerusalem
 * Many revolts after Solomon's death
 * By 922 BC - Kingdom of Israel is split between Israel in the south and Judah in the north
 * 722 BC - Assyrians conquer Israel
 * 586 BC - Babylon conquers Judah
 * King Nebuchanezzar destroys the first temple
 * Forced exile of the Hebrews to Babylon - known as the Babylonian Captivity
 * 539 BC - Cyrus the Great frees the Hebrews as the Persians took control of the area

Muhammad became gods messenger At age 40 he began to hear the voice of the angel Gabriel the voice called him to become gods messenger Central tenet: Allah is the only god. By the year 622 Muhammad left Mecca for the city of Yathrib or Medina This flight is called the hijrah It is the first year of the Muslim calendar The people of Medina accept Muhammad and his contingent of Muslims begins to grow AD 630 Muhammad reenters Mecca and dedicates the Kabaa to Allah Muhammad dies in AD 632 Teachings of Islam __Quaran: Sacred text of Muslims__ 5 Pillars Jihad: holy war against enemies People of the book - what Christians and Jews are called __Sharia: Islamic law__ body of law that includes examples from the Koran and examples from Muhammad's life and Muslim traditions Applies religious principles to all situations __Women in Islam:__ Spiritual equal of all Muslims Usually have far less rights than men
 * 1) Declaration of faith
 * 2) Pray five times per day
 * 3) Alms to the poor
 * 4) Fast during Ramadan
 * 5) Pilgrimage to Mecca: called Hajj
 * 1) Regulates moral conduct
 * 2) family life
 * 3) business practices
 * 4) government